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Sustainable Travel Guide: France | Yugen Earthside

This sustainable travel guide will take a closer look at France, one of the world’s most visited countries! This article provides an overview of France’s environment, economic standing, and sociocultural background. We’ve also included suggested “do’s and don’ts” that travelers should keep in mind when sustainably visiting France. Lastly, we will go over some sustainable travel activities, beyond visiting Paris, to help travelers discover all of France’s charm.

Sustainable Travel in France: Key Sustainability Pillars

France is one of those lucky countries where you can find a little bit of everything. Whether you are looking for a thrilling alpine adventure, a laid-back countryside escape, or a picturesque beach destination, there is something for everyone. 

From the Pyrenees in the southwest to the Alps in the east you can find truly jaw-dropping mountainous landscapes. In the winter months, both mountain ranges are popular ski destinations. During snowless seasons, the mountain areas are filled with hikers, climbers, cyclers, and other active travelers. Mont Blanc, in particular, is a site to see as it is the highest mountain in Western Europe! In the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) region, you can find another natural wonder, the Gorges du Verdon, Europe’s largest canyon with dramatic limestone cliffs.

A majority of France’s land is made up of gently rolling hills and plains, with more than 100 charming medieval villages perched atop some of the steeper hills. Roughly 50% of France’s landmass is agricultural, arable land. Being the largest country in Western Europe coupled with its vast amount of farmland, France has become the agricultural epicenter of Europe. This stunning countryside includes the lavender fields of Provence, the apple orchards of Normandy, and vineyards from Burgundy to Bordeaux to the Loire Valley. Together, this tapestry creates the perfect backdrop to walking and cycling tours throughout the country and lends itself to spectacular regional gastronomy and wine.


France is equally known for its picturesque coastal towns. Along the Mediterranean Sea in the south awaits the sparkling Côte d’Azur. To the southwest and west, the Atlantic coast is dotted with oyster farms, salt flats, and dramatic sand dunes. To the north is the English Channel, boasting historical beaches, the iconic Mont St. Michel abbey, and the limestone cliffs of Etretat. Tourists far and wide travel to experience the variety of France’s beaches and nearby sites. 

Overall, France is gifted with some of the most beautiful environmental landscapes in Europe. There is so much to see, admire, and protect.

France is one of the leading countries in the world in the tourism sector. In 2023, Paris alone welcomed 21.6 million tourists, still low compared to pre-Covid times, and France's tourism industry brought in 63 billion euros in international revenue which means France is finally returning to pre-pandemic levels. Leading up to Covid-19, France was welcoming 90 million international tourists annually, accounting for 8% of the country’s GDP! 

In general, we recommend that travelers visit more of France than just Paris and try to visit during off-peak times. This can help with tourism dispersal, or spreading out where the flow of tourists and their tourism dollars are going. Visiting other regions and planning a trip outside of high season can help support local economies throughout the country in a significant way. It also helps combat overtourism, which happens when a high influx of visitors overwhelms the capacity and resources of a certain area.

For Paris and many beach towns, try traveling outside of July and August if your schedule allows. For the mountains, try visiting outside of January through March (yes - this means there might not be snow, but there are many other great things you can do!). 

The Economic Impact of the Olympic Games on France’s Tourism

France’s tourism figure is expected to increase in 2024 thanks to the upcoming Olympic Games. (So much so, that many Parisian residents are looking to stay away from the city during this period!) Economically speaking, France expects to make a $5-10 billion profit from the Games.

Staying outside of Paris is a great way tourists can help support local economies during this time. You can help by staying in locally owned hotels and visiting local shops and markets. This will not only bring support to businesses outside of Paris but will also help alleviate some of the stress and strain this massive influx of tourists will cause on the city. 

France’s culture is world-renowned for mouthwatering delicacies, iconic artworks, and top-tier fashion. But, beyond the surface, the local cultures throughout France’s regions have some important differences. Each region has its own unique history, practices, and traditions.

On a regional level, you may notice a stark difference between cities and rural areas. For example, in the northern regions of France, there is lingering Flemish influence where you will hear and see a different dialect, called Ch’ti. In the eastern French region of Alsace, which shares a border with Germany, the culture, language, and even architecture have a very different feel. The same is true with the Basque Country near the Spanish border and the Alpine regions of France on the border of Switzerland. There are many instances across France where dialects, regional dishes, and cultural practices vary, making every region of France exciting to explore!

Generally, the French value politesse, and proper etiquette is very important to them. There are many social conventions that tourists should respect when visiting such as:

Saying ‘bonjour’ when you enter a shop

Making eye contact and doing a “cheers” before taking the first sip of your drink 

You can find more dos and don’ts when visiting France below!

The main health preparations travelers need to make before visiting France is to ensure that their routine vaccinations are complete. If you need medical attention while visiting France, you can speak with a pharmacist for less urgent matters or call 112 for emergencies. 

Typically, hospitals in France will require a copy of your medical insurance and a deposit. It is advised that tourists look into medical care to cover themselves during their travels.

Due to threats of terrorism, France is listed on several travel advisories as a level 2 country, meaning that travelers should exercise increased caution. Travelers should keep an ID with them at all times, stay up to date with threat announcements, and remain alert in crowded places. 


The other main safety concerns in France are related to petty crime, which typically increases during the summer months when tourism peaks. Pickpocketing and other forms of theft are common, especially on public transport and around tourist attractions.

4 Safety Tips for Protecting Your Valuables in France

Don’t have your phone out while standing near the metro doors (thieves can grab your phone and hop out of the metro before the doors close).

Use crossbody bags or shoulder bags that zip shut instead of backpacks.

Put your bags in front of you when on the metro, don’t leave them behind you.

Bring a small travel lock to clip your bag to your chair or table (if possible).

Brush up on French driving rules as they’re a little bit different from US road rules.

Drive the speed limit (in kilometers!) and know that speed cameras are installed along the highways.

Don’t leave valuables in your car if you can help it.

Use secure parking facilities if possible.

Travelers should also be mindful that strikes, protests, and demonstrations are commonplace in France. If you see any of these, steer clear of the area. Although they don’t always cause safety concerns, they can disrupt travel in France. This may result in delayed or canceled trains and other transportation methods.

Additionally, while you don’t need to be scared, we advise avoiding areas near train stations at night, walking with a buddy system, and staying in well-lit areas.

France is considered to be one of the most LGBTQ+ friendly countries in the world. Major cities such as Paris, Nice, and Marseille have very active LGBTQ+ scenes and host many events including Pride parades and film festivals. 

As the largest country in Western Europe and with such varied geography, France experiences several climates. The southern coast is typically warmer, the mountainous regions are cooler, and the northern coast is typically more wet. Generally speaking, France has four seasons:

The winter season runs from December to February and is considered to be less populated by tourists. The Alpine regions are the main exception as the French Alps and Pyrenees are world-renowned ski destinations. 

Spring lasts from March to May and is considered shoulder season. The weather starts to warm, flowers begin to bloom, and life starts to come back to most regions. For more information about visiting France in Spring, check out our Best Sustainable Package Trips in Spring article! 

The summer season from June to August is the peak tourist season. The weather is hot, except for the coastal regions with more temperate climates, making France’s beaches popular escapes. You might also experience a summer thunderstorm or two! Travelers should be aware that during the month of August, and especially in Paris, many businesses will close for the summer holidays. 

Visiting in the fall from September to November is a great choice if you would like to avoid the crowds while still enjoying the pleasant temperatures and weather. September often feels like an extended summer month and it’s not until mid-October that the clouds and drizzle usually return.

France celebrates a variety of Christian holidays - certainly more than Americans do. Travelers should be aware of closures on days such as Easter and Christmas, and check the French holiday calendar before visiting just to be safe.

Children are on school holiday for roughly two weeks in October, December, February, and April. During these times you’ll notice prices will spike as families will often be traveling together. 

There are many exciting holidays and festivals to experience in France. France celebrates its national day (Fête Nationale), also known as Bastille Day, on July 14th. The Fête Nationale celebrates the storming of the Bastille which is seen as one of the key events in French history that united the people of France. Many businesses will be closed, but you will find fireworks displays, parades, and other fun activities across the country!

Two other festivals are particularly a joy to experience. The Fête de la Musique takes place each year on the Summer Solstice (June 21st) and celebrates with music, music, and more music! The streets around France are filled with musicians, and every open space is turned into a concert hall. Many events, shows, and performances take place all across the country making it a really exciting time to visit! 

Last but not least, at the end of February, many French cities will celebrate Carnival or Mardi Gras. The most well-known celebrations are in Nice and Dunnkirk. This colorful celebration lasts for two weeks and you will find people wearing masks, costumes, and extravagant parades. This is a great reason to visit France during its off-peak season!

Sustainable Travel in France: Do’s and Don’ts

Greet everyone by saying ‘bonjour’. If you know someone well, they might kiss you on both cheeks - this is called ‘la bise’ (short for ‘bisou’, or ‘kiss’). 

Brush up on some basic French phrases. Even though it is common for most French people to know basic English, a little French goes a long way! 

Ask for the bill (politely). In France, they won’t try to rush people out, which includes not proactively bringing you the bill. You may even have to stand up and go to the front of the restaurant to pay.

Bring a reusable water bottle and enjoy the many free water fountains around the country.

Bring a reusable bag to use when visiting local markets, where you can buy fresh, local produce.

Travel during the off-season and visit places in France outside of the major cities and tourist hubs.

Stay in locally owned, boutique hotels rather than large hotel chains. 

Have a low-carbon-impact adventure outdoors and enjoy hiking, walking, biking, and other nature-based excursions.

Stay on designated trails. This is becoming a problem in France and all travelers should respect the trails.

Do not speak loudly in public spaces; it is considered rude. 

Do not expect all businesses to be open all the time (or even for the Google Hours listed to be correct). Businesses will most likely close on Sundays, and many businesses also close at least one other day every week (typically Monday or Tuesday). Most businesses also close mid-day for a 2-hour lunch break. Your experience in France is not complete until you show up somewhere with a handwritten sign indicating an “exceptional closure”.

Do not travel by plane within France. Instead, rely on the vast train network. Remember that strikes are common so account for some flexibility in your schedule. 

Do not expect to eat dinner before 7 pm. Restaurants usually have their lunch seating from 12-2 pm and dinner seating from 7-10 pm. 

Do not use the casual ‘tu’ form when speaking French, and use the formal ‘vous’ form instead. For example, to say “please”, say “s’il vous plait” instead of saying “s’il te plait”.

Do not expect to eat a big breakfast. Usually, breakfast is a small meal consisting of a warm drink and a pastry. Lunch and dinner are the larger meals in France. 

Do not worry about tipping; it is not required in France. If you really want to thank your waiter for exceptional service, you can leave a few euros and it will be appreciated.

See our Safety tips above for more tips on do’s and don’ts - especially related to protecting your valuables and driving in France.

7 Sustainable Travel Activities in France

We can’t talk about visiting France without talking about its gastronomy – the intersection of food and culture - and wine!

You really can’t go wrong with any French meal; it is one of the most popular cuisines in the world. Supporting local wineries, trying the myriad regional dishes, and sampling organic produce are great ways to support farms, vineyards, and restaurants during your trip to France.

The first regions that come to mind for wine might be Bordeaux, Champagne, and Burgundy. Yugen Earthside offers several unique trips exploring the food and wine scene in the Alps and Provence. Our guided Gourmet Walking Holiday in the French Alps is perfect for foodies who love hiking in all types of landscapes. Our Hiking in the Wine Trails of Provence is complete with stops in vineyards, stays in picturesque villages, and hikes along the Rhone Valley. You can learn more about both trips here! 

Normandy houses one of France’s most visited tourist attractions - the Mont St. Michel Abbey - yet it is still a very underrated region, especially for lovers of history. As most travelers will rush from Paris to Mont St. Michel as a day trip, this doesn’t leave time to appreciate the rest of this wonderful region’s gems.

From the natural limestone cliffs of Étretat to the historic D-Day beaches, there is so much more to see in Normandy beyond the beautiful Mont St. Michel. Art lovers can peruse Monet’s gardens in Giverny (a day trip away from Paris), history buffs can explore William the Conquers’s story around Bayeux and Caen, and foodies can tour local apple orchards and cider farms. Needless to say, Normandy is perfect for slow travelers who prefer a more mindful, immersive trip.

There are many hikes and trails throughout France that you can explore independently. These are not only low-impact on the environment, but they also allow you to see parts of France that not all people, cars, or trains go to.

The perfect example of this is Corsica, which has one of the most well-known multiday treks in the world; the GR20. On this hike, visitors will be able to cross the island from North to South over a network of trails spanning 200 km. This adventure has excited many thrill seekers over the years and has gained the reputation as being one of the top trails in the world. 

Booking a multi-day walking or hiking tour package is a great way to discover the less-touristy side of the French Riviera. You can still be near the beaches while experiencing the charm of the region’s less crowded villages.  

Even though the French Riviera is a well-known tourist destination for its beaches, there are other ways to visit while limiting your carbon footprint in these popular areas. For starters, there are many hikes and trails you can explore that are not only low-impact but also allow you to step away from the crowded cities and experience the more charming side of the South of France. 


For instance, you can find a great balance of mountain paths and coastal trails in our self-guided Hiking from Hilltop Villages to the French Riviera tour. On this tour, you’ll have the chance to visit some of the iconic destinations in the Riviera such as Menton, Eze,  Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, and Villefranche sur Mer while pairing it with local stays, gorgeous views, and hidden gems. 


You can have a similar experience exploring another popular region on our sustainable self-guided tour Hiking in the Luberon National Park. Here, you’ll have the chance to see the south of France inset from the famous coastline. You can slow travel through 1000-year-old villages, visit the famed local markets of Provence, and take in the scenic views of the Alps and the Mediterranean Sea from a distance.

There are many ways travelers can explore France with minimal impact on the environment. One of the increasingly popular ways is by bike. Many cycle trails and routes can be found across France, whether you are looking for a leisurely tour or a more adventurous outing! In fact, France now has over 26,000 km of cycle routes and is the second most popular destination for cycle tourism!

One of the most beautiful regions to explore by bike is the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA). The ViaRhôna is the most well-known route and one that truly cannot be missed. Our E-Bike Guided Cycling Tour allows visitors to explore this route while prioritizing off-the-beaten-path trails. While being guided by a local expert during the day, travelers will also have the evenings to unwind and enjoy the local villages of Gap and Sisteron. 


Another region worth mentioning is the Loire Valley. Cycling through the Loire Valley will take you to the charming center of France and around some of the country’s most beautiful chateaux (castles). Following the Loire River, your low-carbon impact tour will also allow you to support local communities as you visit smaller towns and villages.

You can use the France Vélo Tourisme to help select the route that's right for you. Find a complete list of bike routes in France here! You can also refer to the France Government’s Road Safety website for tips on traveling around France by bike. 

France’s train network has made taking internal flights redundant! Whether you want to castle hop in the Loire Valley or beach hop in the Côte d’Azur - this can all be done by train. France is actively encouraging this switch to train travel by making train journeys more reliable and affordable. 


If you need help adapting your itinerary to be flight-free, our affiliate partner Byway offers customizable trip options that rely only on trains, buses, and ferries. Not only that, but they work to prioritize local businesses that both use a sustainable approach but feature off-the-beaten-path destinations. You can learn more about Byway here! 

France has the largest ski area in the world with over 300 ski resorts across the country! Most tourists will want to visit the French Alps, home to some of Europe’s highest mountains and some of the most iconic ski destinations including Chamonix, Val d'Isere, and Courchevel. 

For a less crowded experience, we encourage you to explore the Pyrenees. This mountain range is often overlooked but offers a great variety of skiable terrain at a more affordable price. This is also where you will find many local French people escaping for their ski holiday as the Alps tend to be overrun by tourists. 

7. Try a traditional climbing experience 

If you’re looking to experience the magic of the French Alps without snow, and are feeling up for an adventure, you should consider a traditional climbing experience known as Via Ferrata (literally, the “Iron Path”). This type of alpine climbing relies on steel infrastructure that is securely integrated into rock faces. This assists climbers through the experience allowing them to rely on ladders, railings, and cables, amongst other things. 

Travelers should work with local guides on these experiences for their safety and to protect the natural environment. You should look for companies that keep in mind cliff-nesting birds and other animals. You should also bring a reusable water bottle and make lunches with minimal plastic waste. 

France is committed to reducing its carbon footprint. Eight French cities (Lyon, Marseille, Paris, Strasbourg, Toulouse, Nantes, Nice, Bordeaux) are collaborating to “take collective action to make France a destination for responsible tourism and events,” as reported by Forbes. Paris aims to be Europe’s greenest city by 2030.

With tourism integral to France’s identity, more and more actions have been implemented to help make France a sustainable destination for tourists.

France is becoming one of the leading destinations in cycle tourism and other forms of slow travel.

Initiatives such as “Flocon Vert” have been put in place to protect mountain tourist destinations. The Flocon Vert label is given to mountain resorts who meet specific sustainable criteria such as using renewable energy sources. 

France recently banned short-haul domestic flights to encourage train travel.

Paris, the most visited city in the world, continues to climb in the GDX ranking system for analyzing and improving the sustainability performance of destinations. Initiatives include:

Having fresh water fountains across the city to refill reusable water bottles.

Banning diesel cars, having city-wide car-free days, and having some neighborhoods go completely car-free permanently.

Targeting mostly electric and biomethane buses by 2025. 


All in all, France is a destination that is proactively responding to its popularity by encouraging tourists to take more sustainable actions. Tourists can do their part by leveraging the sustainable infrastructure France is working to build, opting for low-carbon impact travel methods and experiences, exploring less-visited regions, visiting France off-peak season, and minimizing their waste when they travel. 

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Sustainable Travel Guide: Türkiye | Yugen Earthside 

This guide will cover everything you need to know about sustainable travel in Türkiye. You will find an overview of Türkiye’s environment, economic standing, and sociocultural background through a sustainable lens. You will also find key do’s and don’ts for sustainable travelers that will help prepare you for your visit. Our guide also highlights sustainable travel activities and tips that tourists can incorporate into their trip to Türkiye.

Why do we write “Türkiye” instead of “Turkey”?

The spelling of “Türkiye” instead of “Turkey” is important for several reasons, including accuracy and respect. “Türkiye” is the Turkish name for the country, and it is written in the Turkish alphabet. Using the correct spelling shows respect for the local language, the country, and its people, and shows cultural sensitivity.

Sustainable Travel in Türkiye: Key Sustainability Pillars

Türkiye’s diverse landscape is primarily made up of several mountain ranges. Türkiye’s mountainous landscape has evolved thanks to the tectonic plates that exist beneath its surface. The country remarkably exists on three tectonic plates: the Eurasian plate, Arabian plate, and Antalonian plate, literally existing as a land bridge between the continents of Europe and Asia.

Thanks to Türkiye’s geology and volcanic history, we can find here some of the most unique landscapes on earth! One of the most iconic for tourists is Cappadocia, which boasts eye-catching canyons, intriguing caves, and spectacular rock formations known as fairy chimneys.

However, Türkiye’s positioning over these tectonic plates also poses a natural disaster risk: it is one of the most earthquake-prone areas in the world. In February 2023, Türkiye witnessed the worst earthquake event in its history.

When natural disasters occur in Türkiye (or in any country), it has several impacts on tourism.

Short-term: Ongoing or upcoming trips are disrupted or canceled, respectively.

Medium-term: It takes time to recover and rebuild affected areas and communities.

Long-term: Travelers need to re-acclimate to the thought of travel in or near the affected area, and feel safe and confident that they’ll have a positive experience.

According to Condé Nast Traveler following the February 2023 quake, it was important to remind tourists, that “the disaster zone makes up only a fraction of Türkiye's overall land mass, meaning most of the country is safe to travel in.” (Read more about the economic impacts of the earthquakes in Türkiye in the next section.)

Earthquakes aside, Türkiye is home to the mythical mountain, which also happens to be a former volcano, Mount Ararat (known as Mount Ağrı). The country’s highest peak can be found in the east, close to the Armenian border, and is an attractive spot for many climbers. The mountain ranges in Türkiye are mostly underdeveloped, something that excites many adventure travelers and makes Türkiye a great sustainable travel destination.

Türkiye is also considered to be a notable destination for visitors because it is surrounded by water on three sides. It has shores along the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. As a result, Türkiye is gifted with many beautiful beaches and turquoise waters, making it the perfect spot for beachgoers and water lovers who enjoy sea-kayaking, snorkeling, sailing, or swimming!

As mentioned above, Türkiye’s economic landscape has been seriously impacted by the country’s history of natural disasters. In 2023 alone, Türkiye lost $34.2 billion from the earthquake in February, which doesn’t include the cost of reconstruction.

There have been many actions put in place to support the local economy including the establishment of the Disaster Reconstruction Fund, and humanitarian aid from the EU. However, since the Turkish tourism sector alone provides nearly 2.6 million jobs, tourism is an extremely important industry, and “revenue from this industry is especially critical at this time.”

Tourists are reminded that, if possible to safely visit a different part of the country after a natural disaster, their visit makes all the difference to local businesses. In the case of the February quake, the main tourist destinations were “far from the quake-hit areas and are mostly unaffected.”

Spending money on local businesses, such as hotels and restaurants, is one of the simplest ways to support local economies as well as the country’s economy as a whole. For more information about how to be a respectful tourist in Türkiye in the post-Earthquake period, you can read more here.

Türkiye, previously part of the Ottoman Empire, is one of the few countries that span multiple continents. It is an incredibly rare destination featuring both Eastern and Western influences. 

Throughout history, Türkiye has been conquered by many different groups in Europe, Africa, and Asia including the notable Greek, Persian, and Roman empires. You can see the remnants of various cultural influences across the country. The resulting cultural fabric is a fascinating blend of traditions and practices.

The majority of the population in Türkiye are Muslim. You can see the deep connection Türkiye has with Islam today in the architecture, the daily call to prayer, and other social practices. Even though many residents don’t practice religion strictly, it is still very closely connected to Turkish society, especially in rural areas. (Find helpful do’s and don’ts for visiting a Muslim country below.)

Today, around 75% of the population is ethnically Turkish and roughly 90% of the population speak Turkish as their first language. English is one of the most popular foreign languages spoken. However, it shouldn’t be assumed that all people in Türkiye understand English. Knowing some important phrases in Turkish such as ‘please’ (lütfen), 'thank you’ (teşekkürler), and ‘can you help me?’ (bana yardımcı olabilir misiniz?) is highly recommended for travelers.

Ensure your routine vaccinations are complete before visiting Türkiye. It is advised that you should look into your vaccination needs roughly 8 weeks before your trip.

Anti-malaria medication also might be worthwhile if you are planning to visit between May to October (a popular time for many trips here). This is when travelers are at the highest risk of catching malaria.

Additionally, in 2023 there were increased cases of gastrointestinal illness, such as salmonella, in travelers returning from Türkiye. Travelers are advised to wash their hands thoroughly, eat fruits that are peeled, and only eat thoroughly cooked foods to reduce their risk of contracting these illnesses. (Find other do’s and don’ts below.)

Türkiye is listed on several travel advisories as a ‘level 2’ country, meaning travelers should exercise increased caution.

Terrorism risks are higher closer to the border with Syria and it is advised not to travel to these areas. Unfortunately, there is also the risk of terrorism in larger Turkish cities, especially in popular areas. Crimes such as pickpocketing, bag snatching, and mugging, are also common in busy places. Food or drink spiking is another method used to steal belongings, so never leave your food or drinks unattended or accept anything from strangers. Note that homosexuality, although legal in Türkiye, is still met with a lot of resistance. It is advised that travelers use discretion; read more advice here.

Four safety tips for traveling to Türkiye

Always pay close attention to your personal belongings, food, and drink.

Monitor the media for emerging threats and report any suspicious activity.

Avoid traveling during the Persian New Year (March 20-21st), and on Labour and Solidarity Day (May 1st) since these are popular periods for rallies to take place. These holidays take place on the same dates each year.

Know how to respond in the case of an earthquake. You can read detailed instructions on what to do on the Smart Traveller website under the Climate and Natural Disasters section.

Türkiye’s mountainous landscape results in very different climate conditions throughout the country that vary by region. Generally, there are four different seasons:

The winter months are cool and wet. This is the perfect time to visit to experience the ski season in Türkiye. The mountains typically experience longer winters, and snow might remain until April. However, the Aegean region of Türkiye is known for having great weather all year round, even during the winter season.

The spring season is a great time to visit the eastern regions of Türkiye if you are interested in sustainable travel featuring nature, fewer crowds, and more comfortable temperatures.

The summer season is by far the busiest season! Türkiye is gifted with warm, dry summers and tourists always flock to the coastal regions along the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

The fall season, like spring, is another great alternative to the busy summer months. Temperatures are quite comfortable and tourist traffic dwindles. The rains might start to return but, generally, shoulder season in Türkiye is an excellent time to visit.

Being a Muslim country, many holidays in Türkiye align with the Islamic religion. There are two holidays in particular that stand out as exceptional times to visit, one of which is centric to Islam.

An incredibly important holiday in Islam is called Ramazan (this is the Turkish name for Ramadan). Ramazan is celebrated over the course of a month where participating people fast from sunrise to sunset. After sunset, families will enjoy a light meal called Iftar. At the end of the month, during Ramazan Bayrami (also known as Eid-ul-Fitr), families will come together to enjoy a large meal. Traveling during the month of Ramazan is compared to visiting during a carnival period, with performances and decorations found across cities. Read our Ramazan travel tips in the dos and don’ts section below!

Another really special holiday is National Sovereignty and Children’s Day. Celebrated annually on April 23rd, this holiday commemorates Türkiye’s first Grand National Assembly and is dedicated to children, the future of the nation. Over the course of a week, the country comes alive with many children’s festivals and performances. The country hosts children from around the world to exchange stories and learn about different cultures. This would be a really interesting and fun time for families to visit Türkiye!

For a full list of holidays that take place in Türkiye, click here.

Sustainable Travel in Türkiye: Do’s and Don’ts

Use insect repellent to protect yourself from insect-borne diseases such as malaria.

Only drink boiled or bottled water to protect yourself from waterborne diseases. Consider bringing a water bottle with a built-in filter.

Do not use plastic water bottles as Türkiey is still developing its recycling practices.

Be aware of your surroundings, potential terrorism threats, and civil unrest. Monitor the media for updates on emerging threats.

Avoid large crowds, demonstrations, and rallies

Always carry a photo ID with you. It is illegal not to carry a photo ID with you at all times, and the authorities may stop you for random ID checks.

When visiting Mosques, women should cover their heads and shoulders.

When visiting Mosques, everyone should wear loose-fitting clothing and remove their shoes before entering.

When visiting Mosques, remember to be a respectful, quiet visitor.

Learn basic Turkish phrases before visiting.

During Ramazan, expect it to be less busy and anticipate that some businesses may close early.

Show respect to the Muslim community by always drinking alcohol in moderation.

Use public transportation. Trains and buses have been improved in recent years to increase the comfort of travelers.

Express sympathy to earthquake survivors if you come across one by saying “geçmiş olsun” (pronounced getch-mish ol-soon).

Be sure to verify if you need an e-visa to enter Türkiye before your visit (US citizens do).

Avoid using ATMs in the street. Instead, use ATMs in banks, shops, or shopping centers instead.

All couples should avoid public displays of affection.

Do not approach stray dogs as they can be aggressive. (The stray cats, however, are seen as “friendly neighborhood cats” - though you still may want to avoid approaching them.)

Do not export antiquities from Türkiye. Even if legally sold to you within the country, exporting them is illegal. Check the legal requirements before purchasing antiques.

Do not buy souvenirs with seashells or coral.

Do not visit Mosques on Fridays as this is the Muslim day of worship.

Do not be surprised if vendors try to negotiate prices when you are shopping. Don’t haggle unless you are genuinely interested in buying something.

During Ramazan, avoid eating and drinking in public to show respect to those who are fasting.

During Ramazon, do not be surprised if you are woken up before sunrise... locals will walk through the street banging drums!

Avoid all-inclusive resorts. Locally run accommodations and businesses are great options for sustainable travel in Türkiye. 

If indicated, do not put toilet paper in the toilet. (If there is a bin beside the toilet, it is meant for toilet paper.)

Never leave your food or drink unattended.

6 Sustainable Travel Activities in Türkiye

Take a Hot Air Balloon Ride in Cappadocia

The Turkish Riviera has been nicknamed the Turquoise Coast because of its stunning blue waters. This has become a really popular place for tourists to experience the iconic Turkish seaside and enjoy a relaxing beach holiday.

To vacation here sustainably, avoid all-inclusive resorts and instead support local communities by spreading out where your tourism dollars go. All-inclusive resorts, though tempting, come with a lot of coastal pollution and over-tourism, creating stressors on the environment. In fact, in 2022 the Turquoise Coast Environment Fund was established to protect and restore the suffering marine ecosystem.

Other ways to experience the Turkish Riviera are to hike along it or sail beside it. The Lycian Way trail – the longest trail in the country – navigates this unique coastline. It is actually known as one of the most beautiful long-distance treks in the world! Visitors can explore coastal villages, enjoy water-based activities such as kayaking and snorkeling, and discover historic ruins.

Part of what makes Türkiye’s history so unique is its connections with different cultures and empires. As a result, across Türkiye, travelers can encounter historic Roman ruins, iconic Ottoman Mosques, and even Byzantine churches. For instance, the city of Ephesus, from the 10th century BC, houses the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Another notable historic gem includes the ancient city of Olympos, which is beautifully situated along the Turkish Riviera. 

Istanbul is a famous historical city that attracts tourists from around the world. Known as being the only city in both Europe and Asia, here you can really experience Türkiye’s blend of cultures. A must-visit in Istanbul is the renowned Hagia Sophia, a Byzantine church constructed in 537 AD. As a tourist, you should remember to make use of the city’s extensive public transit system. Some buses and trams can connect you to anywhere you want to visit. This is a great way to keep your carbon footprint low on your journey.

Our Istanbul & Cappadocia trip will introduce you to the gems of Istanbul, and you can customize your itinerary to add on Ephesus or Troy if the timing allows. Both the Lycian Way and the Turquoise Coast itineraries include visits to Olympos, where you can search for the mythical fire-breathing monster, the chimera!

No trip to Türkiye is complete without trying authentic Turkish food. Whether it be Turkish breakfast, Turkish coffee, kebabs, or baklava, Turkish cuisine is known and beloved worldwide. One of the best ways to experience this is to escape the tourist centers and venture into more off-the-beaten-path areas. This is where you will find the truly localized delicacies.

Yugen Earthside offers a Food and Wine Tour along the western coast of Türkiye, where guests can partake in cooking classes, olive oil tastings, wine tastings, market visits, and food tours. You can learn more about our trip here!

4. Take a Hot Air Balloon Ride in Cappadocia

You may have seen the colorful hot air balloons sweeping across Cappadocia’s captivating landscape.

Are hot air balloon rides actually a sustainable activity? 

On the one hand, hot air balloon rides have a relatively low carbon footprint. They use propane, a gas that comes from both natural gas processing and crude oil refinery processes, which is considered to be an eco-friendly fuel. On the other hand, hot air balloons cannot be recycled and are mainly made of nylon.

So, how can you approach this typical touristic activity in Türkiye? Do the proper research before you book your tour!

For example, you could research individual providers of hot air balloon tours to ensure they are respecting local regulations. Or, to make things simpler, you can book through responsible companies that are doing some of this leg work for you.

Yugen Earthside’s local partner in Türkiye worked with a climate consultancy to calculate the carbon emissions of each of its trips, incorporate the cost of carbon offsetting into its trip prices, and issue those carbon offsets annually. In addition, Yugen Earthside includes carbon removal contributions for each traveler who books through us. (Read about the difference between carbon offsets and carbon removals here.)

Also important to mention is what else you do in or around Cappadocia. On YE’s Cappadocia tour, you do the hot air balloon ride to see the special landscape from above, and you also learn about the geology at ground level, as well as explore the underground caves of Cappadocia. This provides a more comprehensive visit to the region to help you fully appreciate its magic. This, combined with the carbon offsets and carbon removals, might be the most sustainable way to have this bucket list experience.

In short, while there can be some debate about the sustainability of hot air balloon rides: if you have your heart set on doing it, make sure it is done as responsibly as possible! And if you don’t have your heart set on it, contact us about customizing the itinerary.

Mount Ararat is a dormant volcano that lies in the eastern regions of Türkiye towards the Armenian border. Even though this mountain is considered to be one of the easier climbs in the 5,000 meters above sea level range, do not underestimate this challenge. Permits are required for the trek and guides are strongly recommended. A typical trek can take three to five days. 

There are also many ski adventure tour options available for visitors traveling in the colder months. However you explore Mount Ararat, always remember to leave no trace and to book with an ethical tour operator if you choose a guided experience. 

6. Try a Traditional Hammam or Turkish Bath 

Visiting and experiencing a Turkish Bath, known as a Hammam in Turkish, is a relaxing, authentic experience everyone should try while visiting Türkiye! Hammams have been utilized since before the Ottoman Empire. The vast majority are separated by gender, and then experienced in the nude (yep!).

Hammams are circular steam rooms designed for visitors to relax and detox. There is usually a main room with sinks and sitting areas along the walls for your personal use, and then private rooms used for treatments such as a traditional body scrub, massage, or waxing.

 in the center of the room. If you opt for the scrub, you’ll likely warm up and wait in the steam room with the sinks, where you can sit back and pour warm water on yourself. Then, you’ll be taken to a private room and lay on an “elevated circular platform called the 'göbek taşı'", which translates to ‘naval stone.’

There are some environmental concerns behind traditional hammams as they consume a lot of natural resources such as water and wood. In other Islamic countries, such as Morocco, “these public baths each use an average of one ton of wood per day, and firewood contributes to 76% of deforestation.”

While the environmental impact of hammams in Türkiye is not entirely clear, there is one thing for certain: the importance of centuries-old cultural experiences. Aquaculture is so deeply rooted in Turkish history, that these historic bathhouses must be preserved as they “build a bridge between the past and future generations”.  

When visiting a hammam, tourists can purchase traditional bath towels known as “peştamal” which are made of natural fibers. You should also bring your own soaps and shampoos. Using natural bar soap and shampoo bars are great plastic-free alternatives.

As a G20 country, Türkiye is very active in the discussions surrounding the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). They signed the Paris Agreement in 2016 and have a net-zero carbon target by 2053. They have a number of SDGs they are working towards and they have already made significant progress towards 6 of them, especially in providing better quality public services.

Environmentally, however, Türkiye has work to do in moving away from coal and other fossil fuels, which represent 88% (1) of their energy consumption. This means choosing eco-friendly accommodations and using public transit in Türkiye is incredibly important and impactful. One of the easiest ways tourists can support Türkiye’s environmental development is by reducing their waste. Only about 10% (1) of Türkiye’s waste is recycled or composted! Tourists can bring reusable products, such as water bottles and bags, to avoid contributing to landfills in Türkiye.

All in all, Türkiye has many beautiful landscapes for tourists to enjoy responsibly. From its ancient cities to its high mountains and craggy rock formations, down to its sparkling turquoise coast, there are many ethical and sustainable ways to explore this country. Sustainable travel in Türkiye is entirely possible, especially when tourists research their trip thoroughly on their own, or book through companies upholding the values of responsible tourism.

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