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In this travel guide, you will discover everything you need to know about sustainable travel in Costa Rica. 

Sustainable Travel Guide: Costa Rica | Yugen Earthside

This travel guide focuses on sustainable travel in Costa Rica, a booming tourist destination in Central America. Starting with the key sustainability pillars, this guide outlines Costa Rica’s environmental, economic, and sociocultural background to provide important context for any future visitor. Lastly, we equip travelers with dos and don'ts, responsible travel activities, and other tips to ensure an unforgettable and sustainable experience in Costa Rica.

Sustainable Travel in Costa Rica: Key Sustainability Pillars

Despite Costa Rica being a bit smaller than the US state of West Virginia, it is recognized as a world leader in environmental sustainability. This commitment is deeply connected to its extraordinary natural landscapes. Pristine beaches, towering volcanoes, lush cloud forests, and sprawling rainforests make Costa Rica a dream destination for travelers seeking both adventure and a connection with nature.

The country is bordered by both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, offering over 800 miles of coastline and a diverse variety of marine ecosystems. The Pacific Coast is popular for visitors seeking golden beaches, surfing, mangrove forests, and dramatic sunsets. In contrast, the smaller, less-visited Caribbean Coast offers a slower pace, vibrant Afro-Caribbean culture, and rare wildlife experiences such as observing sea turtle nesting.

Inland, Costa Rica’s rugged mountains form part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a chain of more than 450 volcanoes created by centuries of tectonic movement. Today, the country is home to five active volcanoes, including the iconic Arenal Volcano - a must-visit for many. These volcanic soils make the land exceptionally fertile, resulting in dense forests and bountiful agricultural regions that lend themselves to agrotourism visits to sustainable and organic farms.

The cloud forests and rainforests are popular draws and continuously entice travelers. Cloud forests are cool, wet habitats constantly shrouded in clouds and found higher up in the mountains, the most popular being the Monteverde Cloud Forest. Rainforests are hot, humid environments with heavy rainfall. Combined, these forests provide an ideal home for monkeys, sloths, toucans, tree frogs, and many other species.

Whether you’re hiking through volcanic craters, gliding along mangrove waterways, or spotting hummingbirds in a cloud forest, Costa Rica offers a special glimpse into a broad spectrum of biodiversity (you can find nearly six percent of the world's biodiversity here). The country has therefore earned its recognition as a key destination for ecotourism.

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

While Costa Rica makes up only 0.3% of the globe’s surface area, the country contains nearly six percent of the world’s biodiversity.

Costa Rica is one of the most stable countries in Central America, with democratic political stability, no military force, and sustained economic growth. Historically, the country’s economy was built almost entirely on agriculture, namely bananas and coffee; however, Costa Rica has diversified in recent years. Nowadays, the economy also thrives in medical device manufacturing, tourism, and real estate.   

Tourism has become a significant contributor to Costa Rica’s economy, generating 8.2% of the country's GDP and 8.8% of its jobs. In 2024, 2.6 million tourists visited Costa Rica, contributing roughly $5.434 billion to the economy and fueling local businesses. Many travelers are drawn by Costa Rica’s world-renowned eco-tourism and sustainability efforts, making their visits both memorable and impactful.

Despite these successes, Costa Rica still faces its challenges. Around 20% of the population still lives in poverty, and rising costs affect daily life. Yet, the country continues to invest 5.3% of its GDP into the public healthcare system and education, resulting in Costa Rica having one of the highest standards of living in Central America.


“Pura Vida,” Costa Rica’s unofficial national slogan, has become an iconic expression that perfectly summarizes the Costa Rican, or Tico, outlook on life. Directly translated as “pure life”, the phrase is used as a friendly greeting, in community celebrations, and as a reminder to live life to the fullest. This positive approach to life helps Costa Rica consistently rank as one of the top happiest countries in the world, and a place where travelers will find a warm welcome and encouragement to embrace the pura vida lifestyle!

The Costa Rican population is a unique blend of European, Indigenous, and Afro-Caribbean heritage. There are eight recognized Indigenous peoples, including the Bribri, Boruca, and Cabécar. Spain colonized the country in the 1500s, leaving a significant influence on the culture, from Spanish-inspired dishes like gallo pinto to traditional dances such as salsa. Seeking out indigenous communities and authentic experiences can be a meaningful addition to your travel plans.

Venture along the Caribbean Coast and you will experience a whole different side of Costa Rica. This region showcases its Afro-Caribbean roots in both its cuisine and music. Local dishes feature coconut, plantains, and fresh seafood, offering flavors different from the inland and Pacific regions. Music is vibrant, with reggae, calypso, and traditional drums featured in beachside gatherings, daily life, and festivals - which can be a particularly fun time to visit the country!
Indigenous communities across Costa Rica work to preserve their languages, rituals, and cultural practices through education and social programs; however, they continue to face challenges. From territorial rights to self-determination, notable tensions have increased around international migration and increased tourism. Travelers can support these communities by engaging respectfully with local cultural experiences, buying traditional crafts, or participating in guided tours led by community members.

Before traveling to Costa Rica, ensure your routine vaccinations are up to date. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all international travelers be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. 

Additionally, depending on your travel itinerary and activities, vaccines for hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and malaria may be recommended. Zika is also widespread in Costa Rica, so you may want to travel elsewhere if pregnant. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider at least a month before your trip to determine which vaccinations are appropriate for you.

If you require medical attention during your visit, travelers should consult private hospitals and clinics, most of which are found in major urban areas, and often offer services in English. Travelling with insurance is one of the easiest ways to protect yourself while travelling abroad, so consider coverage in addition to vaccinations. 

Costa Rica is generally considered a safe destination for travelers. However, as with any international travel, it's important to exercise caution. The U.S. Department of State advises travelers to "exercise increased caution" in Costa Rica due to crime, including petty theft and occasional violent incidents. It's recommended to avoid isolated areas, especially at night, and to be vigilant in crowded, touristy places.

As mentioned earlier, this is a land of adventure, and any water activities, bungee jumping, scuba diving, or canopy touring should be done with increased caution and support from a local guide. Riptides are strong in Costa Rica, so be sure to follow local signs and advice to stay safe while swimming. 
Costa Rica is located in a hot spot of tectonic activity, so natural disasters are bound to occur. Hurricane season takes place from June to November, so travelling outside of this period is generally safer. Other natural disasters to be mindful of include earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and volcanic activity. Keep an eye on weather warnings before and during your stay, and follow a Costa Rican news source for real-time information.

Costa Rica experiences two main seasons:


Dry Season (December–April): This is the most popular time to visit, characterized by sunny days and minimal rainfall. It's ideal for beach activities, hiking, and exploring national parks. Be sure to make reservations well in advance to get ahead of the crowds. 
Green Season (May–November): Also known as the rainy season (and possible hurricane season), this period sees afternoon showers, especially in the central and Pacific regions. Peak rainy season falls around September, so visiting around May or June is ideal for those looking to travel during the shoulder season.

Costa Rica observes many national holidays and hosts festivals that celebrate its rich culture and history. One of the most important events is Independence Day on September 15th, marking Costa Rica’s sovereignty from Spain in 1821. The celebrations begin a few days before with the Antorchas de la Independencia (Torch Parade), where a torch is carried through Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and ending in Costa Rica. On the day itself, parades, school events, and cultural performances take place across the country. You’ll find faroles (handmade lanterns) and plenty of Casados, the popular dish containing rice, beans, and plantains, at most Independence Day events. 

For religious celebrations, Semana Santa (Holy Week, March/April) follows the Easter calendar and is observed with processions, family gatherings, and religious ceremonies throughout the country. Likewise, Virgin of Los Angeles Day on August 2nd brings thousands of pilgrims to Cartago in honor of Costa Rica’s patron saint.

Costa Rica also hosts vibrant cultural festivals, such as the Carnaval de Limón in October, which showcases Afro-Caribbean heritage through music, dance, and street parades. At the end of the year, the Festival of Lights, or the Festival de la Luz, lights up San José with illuminated floats, fireworks, and performances, marking the start of the holiday season. Another unique festival is the Fiesta de los Diablitos, celebrated by the Boruca Indigenous community at the end of December, which reenacts the resistance against Spanish colonization with colorful costumes and traditional rituals.

Sustainable Travel in Costa Rica: Do’s and Don’ts

Stay vigilant in tourist hotspots. Major cities experience most petty theft; keep an eye on your belongings on buses, attractions, hotel lobbies, and restaurants. 

Carry your passport with you, specifically proof of your entry stamp into Costa Rica. Make copies of your travel documents for extra security. 

Follow local weather and safety advisories when partaking in adventure activities, including swimming, rafting, or bungee jumping. 

Consult your doctor before travelling, and when in doubt, bring insect repellent. 

Boil drinking water, use a water filter, or bring a filtration water bottle to avoid water-borne diseases.

Pack proper sun protection, including reef-safe sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses. 

Remain a safe distance from animals, do not touch or feed them, and respect the “Stop Animal Selfie” movement. 

Book accommodations, tour operators, and transportation with a CST (Certification for Sustainable Tourism) to ensure they follow sustainable practices.

Dress modestly when visiting religious areas.  

Obtain a park permit when visiting national parks. 

In case of a natural disaster, know your evacuation routes, identify your local shelter, and keep your passport in a waterproof location.

Join in conservation efforts, whether it be through reforestation, sea turtle conservation, or wildlife monitoring. 

If flying domestically within Costa Rica, consider Aerocaribe, Costa Rica’s carbon-neutral airline. 

Ensure souvenirs are handmade and bought directly from the workshop. Many markets sell imported goods rather than locally made pieces.

Don’t swim alone or outside of marked areas; riptides cause numerous deaths each year.  

Don’t camp or sleep overnight on beaches. 

Never leave drinks unattended, as there have been increased incidents of drink spiking. 

Avoid public displays of affection, especially in same-sex relationships. Although legal, they may not always be socially accepted in certain areas.

Don’t forget to leave a tip - 10% is standard. 

Do not purchase any souvenirs made from tortoise shell, fur, leather, or coral. 

Do not wander off trail - stay on marked paths while hiking or taking day trips, and always leave no trace. 

Avoid single-use plastics as much as possible and participate in Costa Rica’s sustainability movement.

Sustainable Travel Activities in Costa Rica

The emblematic volcanoes of Costa Rica are a main draw for many visitors, with the symmetrical Arenal Volcano being the most widely recognized. Due to Costa Rica’s location along the Ring of Fire, it boasts dozens of volcanoes, six of which are active. The conical Arenal is one such active volcano, though it’s currently in a ‘resting’ phase, with its last notable eruption in 2010.

Volcanic areas attract onlookers curious to see the natural spectacle, and to meander the surrounding areas, which often include hot springs and bountiful farms and agricultural areas due to particularly fertile soil.

Volcano tourism in Costa Rica is generally safe, though the National Emergency Commission monitors the volcanoes and issues warnings and alerts as needed.

This tour combines the best of Rainforests, Volcanoes, & Beaches – you’ll walk along hanging bridges through a rainforest with an iconic view of the Arenal Volcano and have a day at your leisure to visit the namesake national park, hot springs, or other nearby attractions.

Costa Rica’s agricultural landscapes offer more than just beautiful vistas - they’re also a chance to connect with indigenous communities and learn more about local daily life. Agritourism experiences in the coffee regions and going on organic farm tours invite travelers to explore how food is grown and harvested, all while supporting ethical farming practices. Many farms highlight regenerative agriculture and implement farming techniques that are deeply connected to Costa Rican heritage.

For coffee lovers and foodies, this Coffee to Coast self-drive tour hits the mark. You’ll visit an authentic coffee plantation in the lush Naranjo region, roll up your sleeves at a hands-on cooking class in a local home, and cultivate traditional sugarcane, coffee, and banana alongside rural families. The community-centric journey also includes a serene safari boat outing and time spent rejuvenating in eco-friendly lodgings.

Costa Rica’s cloud forests are remarkable, lush places where orchids, mosses, and ferns thrive under dense canopies. High-altitude regions like Monteverde and Santa Elena are biodiversity hotspots, home to over 2,500 plant species, hundreds of bird species, and a variety of amphibians and mammals.

Hiking in these tropical rainforests is a sustainable way to experience Costa Rica’s breathtaking beauty and biodiversity, with the added bonus that many tours emphasize conservation education. Guided walks along misty trails often include visits to private reserves and community-led conservation projects.

As always, stay on designated trails, leave no trace, and bring water with you. 

On this Sustainable Essence tour, you’ll get to explore Costa Rica’s Monteverde cloud forest and the Sarapiquí rainforest, ideal for travelers eager to experience these habitats in the daytime, at night, from the ground, and from the tree tops.

Costa Rica’s Pacific and Caribbean coasts are home to some of the world’s most biodiverse marine ecosystems. From vibrant coral reefs to serene mangrove estuaries, the country's waters are filled with life, including sea turtles, dolphins, and tropical fish. Snorkeling or scuba diving here offers the chance to explore these colorful underwater worlds and learn more about these aquatic environments. 

For those seeking a unique and sustainable adventure, this tour featuring Niche Eco Experiences explores the lesser-visited national parks and marine reserves of Costa Rica. Highlights include a magical bioluminescent tour on a secluded island, snorkeling with a local expert, and a boat tour gliding through the Caño Negro wetlands.

Costa Rica is one of the best places in the world to see iconic tropical species in their natural habitats. From turtles, frogs, and crocodiles in the water, to jaguars, and iguanas on the forest floor, to sloths and monkeys high in the trees, it's a delight being in the presence of so many different animals.

On any tour involving wildlife, be sure to keep a safe distance from the animals, never feed or touch them, and follow any specific advice your guide shares. Remember—you are in these creatures’ home, and respecting their space ensures your safety and theirs.

A standout experience for animal-loving families is our Immersive Costa Rica Family Adventure. This 10-day tour explores several regions, including Sarapiquí, Arenal, and Manuel Antonio. Highlights include rainforest hikes, river safaris, and sloth-watching tours, all led by fellow animal-loving expert local guides.

Travelers will marvel at Costa Rica’s varied habitats, each home to a completely different set of bird species and over 900 avian species in total (more than in the US and Canada combined). This makes the country an absolute dream destination for birders.

On a birdwatching tour, you’ll be on the lookout for toucans, quetzals, scarlet macaws - and the list goes on. Birdwatching here is not only a peaceful and immersive way to experience nature, but it’s also a low-impact activity that supports conservation efforts and sustainable tourism initiatives. Whether peering through binoculars in the wetlands or the cloud forest, birdwatching here is sure to be a unique and memorable experience.

Birding with a local expert guide will help you spot rare species and gain a deeper understanding of these winged creatures. Choosing certified sustainable birdwatching experiences ensures your visit benefits local communities and protects natural habitats. Look for operators with a Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST) to confirm they are truly a sustainable choice. 
For an in-depth and guided birdwatching experience, consider this 14-day Birdwatching tour through some of Costa Rica’s diverse ecosystems and keep an eye out for endemic and migratory species. It’s perfect for anyone looking to connect with nature while minimizing their environmental impact.

Costa Rica is widely regarded as one of the most sustainable destinations in the world, thanks to decades of investment in conservation and eco-tourism. This small Central American country protects more than 25% of its land through national parks and reserves, and became “the first tropical country in the world to have reversed deforestation.” Costa Rica's extensive conservation efforts aim to protect its ecosystems, and the many species that live within them, for future generations.

The country has also set ambitious sustainability goals, including plans to become carbon neutral, and was an early adopter of renewable energy: nearly 100% of Costa Rica’s electricity already comes from renewable sources. Eco-certifications like the CST were created to encourage hotels, tour operators, and destinations to adopt environmentally responsible practices, making it easier for travelers to choose businesses that actively support sustainability.

While Costa Rica is an inspiration, there are still areas for improvement. The rise in tourism has created challenges around overcrowding in popular destinations, waste management, and infrastructure. Still, this sustainable paradise destination has proven that a country can balance prioritizing nature while welcoming visitors. 

Keeping Costa Rica the eco-haven that it is also relies on travelers making conscientious choices. From visiting lesser-known regions or during the off-season, to choosing locally owned accommodations,  to reducing single-use plastics, supporting conservation projects, and respecting wildlife and local communities, each action contributes to maintaining Costa Rica’s sustainable reputation.
One way to simplify the guesswork is, of course, to book a package tour from a CST-certified company that is fully aligned with providing responsible experiences to mindful travelers. Our locally-owned partner does just that. Check out all of our Costa Rica trips here, and come experience the pura vida for yourself!

This post may contain affiliate links. This means we may earn a small commission if you purchase a product from our link, at no additional cost to you. Any products on this list that we have tried were bought and not gifted or sponsored.

In this travel guide, you will discover everything you need to know about sustainable travel in South Africa. 

Sustainable Travel Guide: South Africa | Yugen Earthside

In this travel guide, we explore tourism in South Africa through a sustainable lens. From an in-depth look at how tourism intersects with the key sustainability pillars to what to know regarding safety and special times to visit, this guide will help you mindfully prepare for your dream trip to South Africa. We’ll wrap up with practical tips on things to do and not do, and suggest sustainable activities and package trips that already incorporate wholesome tourism that supports local communities and protects the environment.

Sustainable Travel in South Africa: Key Sustainability Pillars 

South Africa is a vibrant and multi-faceted country. Travelers may be surprised to realize the diversity of landscapes they can experience, and how drastically the terrain can change from one part of the country to the next.

You could be hiking in the mountains one day, driving through winelands the next, and relaxing on a beach along the sparkling coastline the next! Or, you can enjoy a safari on a private game reserve covering protected grasslands and open savannahs. It's this tapestry of rich natural landscapes that excites visitors – there is something for everyone here when it comes to nature and wildlife.

Adventurous tourists and history lovers are drawn to the mountains — some of the most historic on the planet. The first one that most travelers will recognize is the iconic Table Mountain, shown below. Table Mountain, in urban Cape Town, is known for its iconic flat top and was voted in as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature in 2011. Table Mountain is popular with visitors as it can be easily accessed and enjoyed either on foot or by cable car.

Far from the bustling hub of Cape Town, the Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains in the northeast part of the country date back roughly 3.5 billion years, making them among the oldest mountain ranges on earth.

Southwest of Barberton Makhonjwa is the jagged, jaw-dropping Drakensberg Mountain, Afrikaans for ‘Dragon Mountain’. The Drakensberg is part of South Africa’s Great Escarpment, a dramatic topographical region formed by a combination of uplift and millions of years of erosion that carved steep slopes along the edge of the central plateau. Hikers can embark on trails with sweeping and breathtaking views, and visitors can also see ancient rock art left behind by the San people, dating back thousands of years. 

Winelovers will be thrilled to discover the rolling vineyards of the Cape Winelands and beyond! Route 62 is popular with road-tripping travelers, as it’s the world’s longest wine route. It winds through the country’s lush valleys, mountain ranges, and semi-arid plains. South Africa is home to over 200,000 acres of vineyards, so tasting locally produced wine at wineries themselves and in restaurants is a delight for oenophiles.

Sitting at the southern tip of the African continent, South Africa is also blessed with nearly 1,900 miles (3,000 km) of coastline, with sandy beaches covering about half of this. This gives sun-seekers plenty of options for lounging by the sea, and the unique opportunity to see where the Indian and Atlantic Oceans meet at the southernmost tip of Africa, in the coastal town of Cape Agulhas.

Every year, approximately 13,000 marine species visit South Africa’s waters, and there are 42 marine protected areas, making it a hot spot for marine biodiversity. If you want to learn about marine wildlife, observation, and conservation, you’ll be spoiled for choice. (Psst: Don’t forget to say hello to the African Penguins that bask on the shores near Cape Town!)

Inland, South Africa is well-known amongst safari enthusiasts, drawing many animal lovers to come see its iconic wildlife. South Africa is home to 100,000 known species of plants, animals, and fungi, and all game reserves throughout the country are privately owned and protected areas. There are famous areas like Kruger National Park, as well as many game reserves throughout the country. Visiting a reserve other than Kruger can help with tourism dispersal, and support other locally-owned reserves also doing great educational and conservation work. Wildlife in South Africa still faces significant challenges such as habitat loss and illegal poaching. Later in this guide, we’ll share practical tips on how to ensure your wildlife encounters remain ethical and sustainable.

Thanks to its wealth of natural resources, South Africa is home to one of the largest and most advanced economies in Africa. In recent years, it has also become the most industrialized and technologically developed country on the continent, with major sectors in mining, manufacturing, energy, finance, and services.

Tourism is another key pillar of the South African economy, and is a sector that could contribute to 10.4% of GDP by 2030. Post-COVID era, tourism rebounded and supports nearly 1.7 million jobs, as the country welcomes 8.5 million international arrivals annually.

Despite this strong economic and touristic foundation and having the largest GDP in Africa, the country continues to face challenges with unemployment (in 2025, the rate sits at 32.9%), poverty, racial and gender inequality, an ongoing HIV/AIDS epidemic, and the highest level of income inequality in the world.

While some regions thrive with economic opportunities, advanced technologies, and modern infrastructure, others do not have the same opportunities. In response, the Government of National Unity has launched various structural reforms aimed at tackling these issues.

As a traveler, you can have a wonderful trip and help tackle some of these disparities in a meaningful, human-to-human way. How? By supporting locally-owned businesses, especially those owned by Black, mixed-race, or indigenous people. This could mean choosing accommodations like this beautiful homestay in Stellenbosch, part of the Cape Winelands, owned by Lecelin (mixed-race South African) and her husband. It could also mean seeking out indigenous art exhibits and galleries, like this one in the Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town, curated by Lukretia Booysen (see images above), a warm and dynamic local South African woman. From Black-owned wines and wineries to community-based initiatives, there are many ways your trip can powerfully support the local economy.

The reality is that many businesses and tourism experiences in South Africa – from safari game reserves, to hotels, to Cape Winelands wineries, to ‘local’ restaurants – are predominantly male-owned, white-owned, and, not infrequently, foreigner-owned.

Travelers need to look much more closely to find companies run by pioneering individuals breaking the mold (think about how difficult it is to be a woman and/or a person of color in an industry mostly dominated by white men!). As tourists, it's important to be aware of the challenges South Africa faces so you can take more care when choosing your travel experiences.

South Africa is an incredibly diverse country, home to a range of ethnic groups, languages, and traditions. In fact, the country recognizes 12 official languages, including isiZulu, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, and Sesotho… and, of course, Afrikaans and English. This unique blend of cultures has earned the country the nickname ‘Rainbow Nation’, coined by the late Archbishop Desmond Tutu. 

One of the oldest indigenous groups, which has been living on South Africa’s lands for over 20,000 years, is the San tribe, also known as the Bushmen. Traditionally nomadic hunter-gatherers, the San people are also known for their ancient rock paintings, like those mentioned in the caves of the Drakensberg. Other major indigenous groups include Nguni, Sotho-Tswana, Tsonga, and Venda, each having its own unique customs, dress, music, and histories. 

Historically speaking, the Cradle of Humankind, a UNESCO World Heritage Site just outside Johannesburg, has become world famous in archaeological circles. The earliest human fossils have been discovered there, opening up years of research and discoveries on human evolution. 

South Africa’s recent sociocultural history has been marked by colonialism and apartheid. After centuries of European presence in South Africa, first from the Dutch and then the British colonizers, apartheid was enacted in the early 1900s to legally separate whites from black South Africans. In the 1960s, Nelson Mandela spearheaded the anti-apartheid movement, which eventually ended legal racial segregation in the 1990s when he was elected president. 

This sociocultural history is extremely important for travelers to be aware of when visiting South Africa - especially if you’re white/Western - as the legacy of apartheid can still be seen and felt today. One way travelers can gain a deeper understanding of this impact is by visiting a township. These impoverished towns were created to displace and segregate communities from white areas during apartheid. Nowadays, these townships are becoming tourist destinations for travelers to visit the center of these communities and learn about these cultures up close. This is an experience that should not be skipped on your visit to South Africa, but be sure to choose a tour that is run by the township itself and is hosted by a guide who lives in the township. You can further support these communities by buying local crafts such as beaded jewelry, art, or textiles. 

Sustainable Travel in South Africa: Everything Else to Know

Tourists should consult their doctor at least one month before traveling to South Africa to confirm they are up to date with all recommended vaccines. In most cases, only routine vaccines are required to visit; however, depending on the time of year or the specific regions you plan to visit, vaccines or medications may be advised, such as malaria medication. 

If you have travelled recently to any country with a high risk of yellow fever, you must present a  yellow fever vaccine upon entering South Africa. 

If medical attention is needed during your visit, private hospitals are often better equipped, and traveling with medical insurance is the easiest way to protect yourself from unexpected expenses.

South Africa is scheduled to host the G20 in November 2025, which might lead to demonstrations, disruptions, and increased police presence. For your safety, always avoid any demonstrations, protests, or large public gatherings when traveling there.

The country is widely regarded as one of the most LGBTQ+-friendly destinations in Africa, having been the first nation in the world to outlaw discrimination based on sexual orientation. Major cities such as Cape Town and Johannesburg host vibrant Pride celebrations and have an active LGBTQ+ social scene.

Crime and violence do occur, and are serious issues felt throughout the country. Petty crimes such as bag snatching and ATM fraud are common, and violent crimes, such as muggings and rape, do occur. Most incidents take place after dark in the downtown areas or isolated locations. Even in bigger cities like Cape Town, it might be advisable to take an Uber for short distances when you normally may walk, especially after dusk or if traveling alone.

More recently, there have been reports of attacks on hikers in Table Mountain and on roads to major airports. For Table Mountain, improved safety efforts are frequently underway, like aerial surveillance deployed in December 2024, and increased ground control. These efforts have reduced crime or kept it stable as visitor numbers continue to rise, but attacks may still happen. Specific safety tips hikers should keep in mind include: hiking in groups, on main routes, during popular days and times.

Travelers should remain cautious and alert, without being paranoid.

In response to safety concerns, the government has been taking action to protect locals and tourists from violent attacks with the Tourism Monitors Programme. According to the Minister of Tourism, “The key objectives of the programme include: enhancing tourism safety awareness at key tourism attractions and sites, upskilling of unemployed youth, and reducing tourist vulnerabilities.”

South Africa’s summer runs from December through to March, bringing warm, dry weather and plenty of sunshine—ideal for a beach holiday. Daytime temperatures typically range from 75°F to 85°F (24°C to 30°C). February and March are particularly special for wine lovers, as they coincide with the annual grape harvest in many wine regions.

April to September offers much cooler temperatures and a higher chance of seeing wildlife. With less rainfall, waterholes become hotspots for animals, and June to August is truly the best time to visit if wildlife spotting is at the top of your list. Expect temperatures to reach around 61°F to 77°F (16°C to 25°C) and evenings/early mornings to be chilly.

South Africa’s religious holidays align with the Christian calendar, celebrating Easter in April/May and Christmas in December. The country also hosts unique cultural and political celebrations throughout the year.

On April 27th, the country celebrates Freedom Day, which marks the end of the racial segregation and oppression of apartheid. It's a time to remember and to reflect, but it's also a time to celebrate. Families will gather, parades and parties will take over the streets, and cultural performances will be held throughout the day. 

Similarly, on September 24th, Heritage Day takes place as a moment to celebrate South Africa’s cultural diversity. Visitors can attend cultural festivals, try authentic foods, and admire traditional attire.

The braai, or barbecue, is a staple of both events as it brings people together over the love of food.

Cape Town International Jazz Festival – One of the largest jazz festivals in the world, and one of the busiest times of the year for the city, as performers and audiences visit from all around the world! The dates change each year; in 2025, it was in April, and in 2026, it will be in March.  

Hermanus Whale Festival (late September to early October) – Celebrating the return of southern right whales to the coastline, with a focus on marine conservation and eco-tourism.

Visitors should be aware that planned power cuts, also known as load-shedding, happen frequently in South Africa, caused by energy demand exceeding the available supply. This is a symptom of the country’s ongoing energy crisis and can impact business operations, mobile service, water availability, and food supply. Don’t be alarmed if this happens during your visit, and take proper precautions such as having a backup battery source for devices, extra food and water on hand, hard copies of any important information, and follow instructions from local authorities.

Sustainable Travel in South Africa: Do’s and Don’ts

Consult your doctor before traveling to determine if you require any additional vaccines or precautions. Malaria prevention may be recommended depending on your itinerary.

Pack mosquito repellent and any necessary medications.

Carry copies of important documents (such as your passport, ID, and visa) and store the originals securely in your accommodation's safe.

Keep windows and doors locked, especially at night.

Bring a dummy wallet in case of pickpocketing, and always stay aware of your surroundings.

Have extra food, water, and portable chargers on hand in case of power cuts (load-shedding).

Tap water is generally safe to drink, especially in big cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg. Be more cautious in rural areas, and if in doubt, ASK!

Prebook and prepay for taxis or Ubers to avoid being scammed.

Hire local guides and book tours with community-based operators. This not only ensures a better experience but also ensures you’re supporting the local economy.

Seek out women-owned and Black, mixed-race, and indigenous owned package tours, accommodations, exhibits, and experiences.

Tip service staff around 10–20%—this is customary and appreciated.

Conserve resources: take shorter showers, reuse towels, switch off lights and electronics when not in use, and use natural light whenever possible.

Follow park and reserve rules when on safari or hikes. Keep your distance from and never feed wildlife, stay on designated trails, and leave no trace.

Anticipate there to be legal hunting — it is a major way of life in South Africa, and is important for conservation. Do your research ahead of time to ensure your wildlife experience follows legal practices.

Learn a few South African phrases or expressions to connect with locals (“robot” = traffic light, “garage” = petrol station). Learning local phrases or greetings is always appreciated and is a meaningful way to connect with locals during your trip. Find a more complete list of expressions here!

Read up on South Africa’s history, particularly apartheid, so you can engage respectfully in conversations about the country’s history. Visiting the Apartheid Museum is also a worthwhile experience while in Cape Town. 

Listen, and show openness when discussing sensitive topics. Avoid making critical or dismissive remarks.

Leave anything valuable that you don’t truly need for your trip at home.

Don’t wear flashy jewelry, expensive watches, or display valuables in public.

Avoid walking alone at night. Don’t feel bad about taking an Uber a short distance - safety is more important.

Do not carry large amounts of cash on hand. Credit cards are often accepted, but carry some cash with you to be safe. 

Do not post or geotag your safari photos of endangered animals. Poachers can use these to track animals. Ask your safari guide which animals to be extra sensitive about (i.e., white rhinos).

Do not buy animal souvenirs such as ivory, red coral, turtle carapace (back shell), or shatoosh (wool from the rare, endangered, and undomesticated Tibetan antelope) — it is illegal. Instead, purchase locally made crafts such as beaded jewelry, ceramics, textiles, or art instead of imported goods.

Avoid canned hunting. This is where animals, specifically lions, are bred in captivity and are hunted in an enclosed park, guaranteeing a successful hunt. 

Avoid any tour that offers “walking alongside animals” or any sort of petting — these are semi-domesticated animals. Tourists will be told these are rescues; however, they are often not released and are used for canned hunting. Always do your research ahead of time.

Do not wear bright colors on safari; opt for neutral tones to blend into the environment.

Don’t assume everyone speaks English. South Africa is incredibly diverse and has 12 official languages; be mindful of this in your conversations with locals.

Food waste is seen as disrespectful. Only serve yourself as much as you need.

Sustainable Travel Activities in South Africa 

Wildlife spotting is one of the country’s top draws, with travelers flocking to renowned destinations like Kruger National Park, Madikwe Game Reserve, and Sabi Sand Game Reserve to catch a glimpse of the Big Five. The Big Five animals are: the lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, and African buffalo.

Yugen Earthside’s package trips include safaris on game reserves that have been vetted by our local South African partner to be actively committed to education, preservation, and conservation of wildlife.

When you do a safari in South Africa, it is always on a private game reserve. Even Kruger, as a park, has many private game reserves within its bounds. There are a few important things to know about private reserves:

They are generally fenced, even if the fenced area is quite large.

Because they are fenced, your guides will likely generally know which animals and how many of each live on the reserve.

Private reserves are almost never Black owned or women-owned, and some are foreign-owned. Some of our packages may include foreign-owned game reserves since we prioritize the best, sustainable safari experience in terms of conservation efforts and eco-friendly lodges.

Avoid feeding wildlife or encouraging unnatural behaviors

Choose operators that prohibit off-road driving, which can damage delicate habitats.

Be patient—the key to success for any safari!

Do not geotag or post photos online of endangered species, like the white rhino!

For those looking to go deeper, consider volunteering with reputable wildlife sanctuaries to contribute directly to conservation. We partner with a cheetah sanctuary where volunteers will spend a minimum of two weeks contributing to farming activities, monitoring animals, helping with maintenance, and so much more. 

Your visit to South Africa is not complete without diving into the local dishes and famous wines. From biltong to Cape Malay curries, South Africa’s culinary scene is as diverse as its people.

The Cape Winelands region is famed for its vintage wines, while the Garden Route is known for its 300 km coastal views, dramatic landscapes, and, of course, delicious wines! 

On our Cape Winelands and South African Art Tour, we take our groups through the Cape Winelands, where guests will partake in vineyard visits, tastings, and make their own 1.5L magnum blend! To top it off, you’ll explore the adorable villages that make the Cape Winelands so special. 

Our South African Gastronomy Tour invites guests to explore the Western Cape’s food heritage through cooking classes, vineyard visits, and meals hosted by locals eager to share their traditions.

This is particularly special because many women and Black, mixed-race, and indigenous South Africans do not have restaurants in Cape Town or elsewhere. This is primarily because they can’t afford it: a leftover remnant of the damage caused by colonization and apartheid. However, that doesn’t mean an incredible food culture is just below the surface! Our tour will take you to real locals who are happy to share dishes and meals you won’t find elsewhere, which help tell the untold stories of South African cuisine and culture.

The prominent Table Mountain is a must-do for many visitors on their first time in Cape Town. This easily recognizable, flat-topped mountain offers breathtaking, 360-degree views from 1,000 meters above sea level. The 4-hour round-trip hike is moderately challenging, but rewarding; if hiking isn’t your style, a scenic cable car ride is also available.

As with any hike, remember to stick to the trail to prevent erosion, leave no trace, follow weather updates, and start early in the day to avoid mid-day heat and crowds. 
On our Women-Only Sisterhood Journey, you can explore Table Mountain alongside other Cape Town highlights, from colorful neighborhoods to African penguin colonies.

Along with world-famous safaris, South Africa is also one of the best whale-watching destinations in the world. From June to November, Southern Right Whales migrate to the warmer waters along the coast to breed. Hermanus, known as the “Whale Capital of the World”, offers incredible land-based viewing from its cliffside paths and even has a whale festival from late September to early October. Whether you’re watching from the coastline or joining a licensed operator for a closer look, whale watching here is both incredible and sustainable.

Pair your whale-watching trip with a visit to the African Penguin and Seabird Sanctuary in Gansbaai to support marine conservation.

Discover South Africa’s rich history  

The Rainbow Nation has much to show you, and we strongly recommend opting for experiences that will open your eyes to South Africa’s diverse blend of cultures.

Visiting local communities, whether the ancient San people or the Batswana, offers an authentic glimpse into the country’s heritage and helps you truly experience the unique history of South Africa.

On top of visits to local communities, our Sustainable Highlights Tour includes visits to Soweto, one of the most well-known townships in South Africa, and Robben Island, the prison that housed Nelson Mandela, providing context for the ongoing impacts of apartheid. You can also add the Apartheid museum to your itinerary to provide even more historical context during your visit. 

Whether you choose one of our package trips or plan your own trip, we hope that understanding and appreciating South Africa’s complex history will be a main takeaway for you.

South Africa as a Sustainable Travel Destination 

According to the Green Economy Coalition, South Africa's National Development Plan sets the goal of a "transition to an environmentally sustainable, climate-change resilient, low-carbon economy and just society”, which indicates major sustainable changes are still coming.

South Africa has already taken significant steps toward sustainability, and still faces major challenges. The country remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and with one of the highest inequality rates in the world, the benefits of tourism aren’t always evenly shared.

Beyond government action, South African organizations continue to develop their efforts in sustainability and conservation. The Wildlife & Environment Society of South Africa (WESSA) is a prime example of programs and teams in place working hard to educate and advocate to “promote biodiversity, habitat integrity, pollution reduction and sustainable use of natural resources.”

From marine conservation to sustainable agriculture and farm stays, community-based ecotourism, and township tourism, South Africa offers a diverse array of sustainable tourism experiences.

As travelers, our role is to support these efforts, not strain them. That means seeking out responsible experiences, keeping our carbon footprints low, and minimizing our contribution to South Africa's energy and water crisis. Reduce waste, support local businesses, and support conservation-focused and eco-friendly operators.

South Africa will leave an imprint on your heart. Pick a region, focus, or package tour… travel slow… enjoy the journey… and let yourself be transformed. And then come back again and again, because there is surely too much to soak in on just one visit.

How can you know if private tours are right for you? Here are 5 reasons travelers love them, along with examples of privately-guided trips.

Private Tours: What are they? Why book one? | Yugen Earthside

We get it. You’ve checked your calendar and, having allocated a week or two of your precious annual leave for a big trip overseas, you want to make the most of every second. With limited time to plan and wanting to maximize your time spent at the destination, you’ve decided some sort of organized tour is the best way to alleviate the stress associated with traveling. But with so many options of organized travel – from small-group tours, to self-guided tours, to private tours – how do you decide what is right for you? 

Private tours are most- to all-inclusive travel experiences, led by an expert local guide following a well-crafted and balanced itinerary. If you want to customize the itinerary, you may also see private tours called “bespoke” or “tailor-made” tours.

Convenience and saving time are huge reasons people choose private tours. Coordinating all the logistics of your own trip – from booking transportation and attraction tickets to finding local places to eat, sustainable places to stay, and ethical experiences – can be a struggle if you are not used to it. Having a guide is also ideal if you are nervous about visiting a place, don’t speak the language, or want to see places well off the beaten path that might otherwise be difficult to get to. 

So what makes private tours so great? In addition to the above, here are five reasons travelers love private tours.

Accompaniment of local insight and knowledge

Access to nature and off-the-beaten-path areas

Whether you’re someone who’s already read the guidebook cover to cover or someone who’s ready to put their feet up and get whisked away to places unknown, you will be able to find or create a private tour that matches exactly what you want.

Private tours are designed around what you want to get out of your vacation. Although the itineraries we list are meticulously crafted by our sustainable travel partners, it is impossible to create a plan that suits every traveler. However, one key benefit of a private tour is that your itinerary is fully customizable. Activities can be coordinated with the tour operator so that the itinerary suits you perfectly. You can add destinations that you’ve gathered from your own research or remove activities that don’t captivate your interests. The beauty of being able to personalize your travel experience is that you get to see and do what’s important to you, instead of following a group consensus. 

With customized tours, you can be as involved in the planning process as you want. For some people, trip planning is a major stressor. Our sustainable tour operators can relieve you of this burden. For other travelers, planning the trip is part of the joy of traveling itself! In this case, your research and feedback can be incorporated into your private trip. 

2. Private tours are flexible in terms of departure dates, trip length, and more

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